Tak se hlavní zbraní gestapa stalo právo kohokoli zatknout a uvěznit, třeba i v koncentračním táboře, bez soudního procesu (tzv. schutzhaft, v překladu "ochranná vazba", což byl však eufemismus).
Schutzhaft was a term used in Nazi Germany to refer to a form of detention without trial or due process. It was used primarily by the Gestapo and other police forces to detain people who were considered to be a threat to the Nazi regime. Schutzhäft prisoners were often subjected to torture and ill-treatment, and many were murdered.
Origins and Legal Basis
The term "Schutzhaft" was first used in Prussia in the 19th century to refer to a form of protective custody for people who were considered to be a danger to themselves or others. However, the Nazis expanded the use of Schutzhaft to include anyone they deemed to be an enemy of the state.
The legal basis for Schutzhaft was the Reichstag Fire Decree of February 28, 1933. This decree suspended many of the civil liberties guaranteed by the Weimar Constitution, including the right to due process. As a result, the Nazis were able to detain people in Schutzhaft without any judicial oversight.
Use of Schutzhaft
Schutzhaft was used to detain a wide range of people, including:
Political opponents of the Nazi regime, such as Communists, Socialists, and trade unionists
Jews, Roma, and other "undesirable" groups
Homosexuals
Jehovah’s Witnesses
People with disabilities
The mentally ill
Schutzhäft prisoners were often held in concentration camps, such as Dachau and Buchenwald. They were subjected to hard labor, starvation, and medical experimentation. Many Schutzhäft prisoners were also tortured and murdered.
End of Schutzhaft
Schutzhaft was officially abolished by the Allied forces after the end of World War II. However, many of the people who had been detained in Schutzhaft were never released, and they died in concentration camps or as a result of the ill-treatment they had suffered.
Legacy
Schutzhaft was a tool of repression and terror that was used by the Nazi regime to silence its critics and consolidate its power. It is a reminder of the dangers of unchecked power and the importance of human rights.
Additional Points
The term "Schutzhaft" is sometimes translated as "protective custody". However, this translation is misleading, as Schutzhaft was not used to protect people. Instead, it was used to persecute and imprison them.
The use of Schutzhaft was a violation of international law. The Nuremberg Charter, which was adopted by the International Military Tribunal after the war, declared that Schutzhaft was a crime against humanity.
The victims of Schutzhaft have been commemorated in a number of ways, including through museums, memorials, and educational programs.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any other questions.
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