The phrase "aṭ ṭarf at taani min al Urdunn" (الطرف الثاني من الأردن) translates from Arabic to English as "the other side of Jordan" or "the east bank of Jordan."

Historically and geographically, this phrase refers to the region located east of the Jordan River. This area is also known as Transjordan (شرق الأردن – Sharq al-ʾUrdun).

Here’s some detailed information about the East Bank of Jordan:

Historical Significance:

• Ancient Kingdoms: The East Bank was home to ancient biblical kingdoms such as Ammon, Moab, and Edom during the Iron Age.
• Greco-Roman Period: During this era, a flourishing civilization developed on the East Bank, and several cities were established, forming part of the Decapolis.
• Nabataean Kingdom: The Arab Nabataeans established their kingdom in the south of Jordan, with its capital in Petra, which showcased a unique blend of Arab and Greco-Roman culture.
• Ottoman Rule: Under the Ottoman Empire (1517–1917), the lands east of the Jordan River were part of the Damascus Vilayet (an administrative division).
• Emirate of Transjordan: Following the Great Arab Revolt and the partitioning of former Ottoman Syria, the Emirate of Transjordan was established in 1921 under Hashemite Emir Abdullah and became a British protectorate.
• Independence and Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: In 1946, Transjordan gained independence from the British. In 1949, after annexing the West Bank following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the country officially changed its name to the "Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan." Jordan later relinquished claims to the West Bank in 1988.

Geography and Key Features:

• The East Bank is characterized by uplands east of the Jordan River, forming an escarpment overlooking the Jordan Rift Valley. The average elevation ranges from 600 to 900 meters (2,000–3,000 feet), rising to about 1,754 meters (5,755 feet) at Mount Ramm in the south, the highest point in Jordan.
• The Jordan Valley, part of the East African Rift System, runs north to south, following the Jordan River from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea.
• The East Bank contains diverse landscapes, including mountains, valleys, and desert areas. The Azraq Oasis and Wadi Sirhan basin are located in the eastern part of Jordan.

Major Cities and Governorates on the East Bank:

Jordan is divided into 12 governorates, most of which are located on the East Bank:

• Amman (Al ‘Asimah): The capital and largest city, a major commercial, transportation, and cultural center.
• Zarqa: A major industrial city.
• Irbid: The third-largest city, located in the north.
• Mafraq: Located in the northeastern desert region.
• Madaba: Known for its Byzantine-era mosaics.
• Jerash: Famous for its well-preserved Roman ruins.
• Ajloun: Hilly region with historical sites.
• Karak: Known for its Crusader castle.
• Tafilah: Located in the southern highlands.
• Ma’an: The largest governorate by area, encompassing much of the southern desert, including Petra and Wadi Rum.
• Aqaba: Jordan’s only port city, located on the Red Sea.
• Balqa: Located northwest of Amman.

The East Bank of Jordan is the more populous and economically developed part of the country, containing the majority of Jordan’s major cities, historical sites, and infrastructure.

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